Here is the history of AI during 20th century −
|
Year |
Milestone / Innovation |
|
1923 |
Karel Čapek play named “Rossum's Universal Robots” (RUR) opens in London, first use of the word "robot" in English. |
|
1943 |
Foundations for neural networks laid. |
|
1945 |
Isaac Asimov, a Columbia University alumni, coined the term Robotics. |
|
1950 |
Alan Turing introduced Turing Test for evaluation of intelligence and published Computing Machinery and Intelligence. Claude Shannon published Detailed Analysis of Chess Playing as a search. |
|
1956 |
John McCarthy coined the term Artificial Intelligence. Demonstration of the first running AI program at Carnegie Mellon University. |
|
1958 |
John McCarthy invents LISP programming language for AI. |
|
1964 |
Danny Bobrow's dissertation at MIT showed that computers can understand natural language well enough to solve algebra word problems correctly. |
|
1965 |
Joseph Weizenbaum at MIT built ELIZA, an interactive problem that carries on a dialogue in English. |
|
1969 |
Scientists at Stanford Research Institute Developed Shakey, a robot, equipped with locomotion, perception, and problem solving. |
|
1973 |
The Assembly Robotics group at Edinburgh University built Freddy, the Famous Scottish Robot, capable of using vision to locate and assemble models. |
|
1979 |
The first computer-controlled autonomous vehicle, Stanford Cart, was built. |
|
1985 |
Harold Cohen created and demonstrated the drawing program, Aaron. |
|
1990 |
Major advances in all areas of AI − ● Significant demonstrations in machine learning ● Case-based reasoning ● Multi-agent planning ● Scheduling ● Data mining, Web Crawler ● natural language understanding and translation ● Vision, Virtual Reality ● Games |
|
1997 |
The Deep Blue Chess Program beats the then world chess champion, Garry Kasparov. |
|
2000 |
Interactive robot pets become commercially available. MIT displays Kismet, a robot with a face that expresses emotions. The robot Nomad explores remote regions of Antarctica and locates meteorites. |