Advanced first-order second moment method (AFOSM)

Hasofer-Lind Reliability Index

Hasofer and Lind proposed a modified reliability index that did not exhibit the invariance problem illustrated in Example 5.3. The “correction” is to evaluate the limit state function at a point known as the “design point” instead of the mean values. The design point is a point on the failure surface g = 0. Since this design point is generally not known a priori, an iteration technique must be used (in general) to solve for the reliability index.