What Is Column?
• A compression member, i.e., column, is an important element of every reinforced concrete structure. These are used to transfer a load of superstructure to the foundation safely.
• Mainly columns, struts, and pedestals are used as compression members in buildings, bridges, supporting systems of tanks, factories, and many more such structures.
• A column is defined as a vertical compression member who is mainly subjected to the effective length and axial loads of which exceeds three times its least lateral dimension.
• The compression member whose effective length is less than three times its least lateral dimension is called Pedestal
• The compression member who is inclined or horizontal and is subjected to axial loads is called Strut. Struts are used in trusses.
• The function of columns is to transfer the load of the structure vertically downwards to transfer it to a foundation. Apart from the wall performs the following functions also:
(a) It encloses building areas into different compartments and provides privacy.
(b) It provides safety from burglary and insects.
(c) It keeps the building warm in cools in summer and winter.
A columns are classified based on different criteria such as:
• Shapes of Cross-Section
• Material of Construction
• Type of Loading
• Slenderness Ratio
• Type of Lateral Reinforcement