Array Operations

The array module of Python has separate functions for performing array operations. This is a destructive method of operating with arrays, which means the modification will be saved in the array variable.

Insert

With this operation, you can insert one or more items into an array at the beginning, end, or any given index of the array. This method expects two arguments index and value.

SYNTAX

arrayName.insert(index, value)

Example:

Let's add a new value right after the second item of the array. Currently, our balance array has three items 300, 200, and 100. So what's the index of the second array item with a value of 200 if you said 1.

In order to insert the new value right "after" index 1, you need to reference index 2 in your insert method, like this:

import array

balance = array.array('i', [300,200,100])

balance.insert(2, 150)

Now, to verify if the new value has been inserted, enter the array name and press Enter on the keyboard:

import array

balance = array.array('i', [300,200,100])

balance.insert(2, 150)

print(balance)

OUTPUT

array('i', [300,200,150,100])

Delete

With this operation, you can delete one item from an array by value. This method accepts only one argument, value. After running this method, the array items are re-arranged, and indices are re-assigned.

SYNTAX

arrayName.remove(value)

Example

Let's remove the value of 150 from the array. Currently, our balance array has four items 300, 200, 150, and 100. So, in order to remove 150 from the array, we only have to type 150 inside the method argument. Simple, right?

import array

balance = array.array('i', [300,200,100])

balance.insert(2, 150)

print(balance)

balance.remove(150)

Now, to verify if the value has been deleted, enter the array name and press Enter on the keyboard:

import array

balance = array.array('i', [300,200,100])

balance.insert(2, 150)

print(balance)

balance.remove(150)

print(balance)

OUTPUT

 array('i', [300,200,100])

SEARCH

With this operation, you can search for an item in an array based on its value. This method accepts only one argument, value. This is a non-destructive method, which means it does not affect the array values.

SYNTAX

arrayName.index(value)

Example:

Let's search for the value of 150 in the array. Currently, our balance array has four items 300, 200, 150, and 100. So, in order to search 150 in the array, we only have to type 150 inside the method argument. That's quite easy. This method returns the index of the searched value.

import array

balance = array.array('i', [300,200,150,100])

print(balance.index(150))

OUTPUT

UPDATE

This operation is quite similar to the insert method, except that it will replace the existing value at the given index. This means will simply assign a new value at the given index. This method expects two arguments index and value.

Syntax

arrayName.udpate(index, value)

Example

Assume that our array has four items 300, 200, 150, and 100, and we want to replace 150 with 145. So what's the index 150?

Kudos, if you said 2.

In order to replace 150 that has index 2, you need to reference index 2 by using simple assignment operator, like this one:

import array

balance = array.array('i', [300,200,150,100])

balance[2] = 145

Now, to verify if the value has been updated, enter the array name and press Enter on the keyboard:

import array

balance = array.array('i', [300,200,150,100])

balance[2] = 145

print(balance)

OUTPUT

array('i', [300,200,145,100])

Traverse

You can traverse a python array by using loops, like this one:

import array

balance = array.array('i', [300,200,100])

for x in balance:

               print(x)

OUTPUT

Creating an Array in C++

C++ language is more flexible than Python when it comes to creating arrays. You can create arrays in three ways mentioned ahead.

The following code illustrates how you can create an integer array in C++ to store account balance:

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()

  int balance[3] = { 300, 200, 100 };

  for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)

      cout << "value of i: " << balance[i] << endl;

  return 0;

Ways to Declare an Array in C++

You can declare an array in three syntax variants. Which one suits your program; this choice is based on your program requirements.

Declaration by Size

Syntax

dataType arrayName[arraySize];

Example

int balance[3];

Declaration Initialization Array Items Only

Syntax

dataType arrayName[] = {array, items};

Example






int balance[] = { 300, 200, 100 };

Declaration by Size and Initialization Array Items

Syntax

dataType arrayName[arraySize] = {array, items};

Example

int balance[3] = { 300, 200, 100 };

How to access a specific array value?

You can access any array item by using its index.

Syntax

arrayName[indexNum]

Example

balance[1]

The following image illustrates the basic concept of accessing arrays items by their index.

Accessing an Array Element

Here, we have accessed the second value of the array using its index, which is 1. The output of this will be 200, which is basically the second value of the balance array.

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()

  int balance[3] = { 300, 200, 100 };

  cout << balance[1];

  return 0;

Output

Array Operations in C++

Unlike Python, in C++ you have to program the logic yourself for performing the insert, delete, search update and traverse operations on C++ arrays.

Insert

The logic for insertion operation goes as follows:

loop through the array items
shift them to a greater index
add a new array item at a given index

In the following example, we have 5 items in the balance array, and we want to add a new item just after the value of 200. This means we have to shift all the items after 200 to a greater index, and then insert our new value of 150.

#include <iostream>

#include <stdio.h>

main() {

   int pos = 2;

   int size = 4;

   int balance[] = {300,200,100,50,0};

   printf("BEFORE INCREMENT: \n");

   for(int i = 0; i<5; i++) {

      printf("%d\n",balance[i]);

   /* FOR SHIFTING ITEMS TO A GREATER INDEX */

   for(int i = size; i >= pos; i--) {

       balance[i+1]=balance[i];

   /* FOR INSERTING VALUE AT OUR DESIRED INDEX */

   balance[pos] = 150;

   printf("AFTER INCREMENT: \n");

   /* FOR PRINTING THE NEW ARRAY */

   for(int i = 0; i<6; i++) {

      printf("%d\n",balance[i]);

Output

BEFORE INCREMENT

AFTERINCREMENT

Array Operations in Java

Lets create a programming in Java, in this program we will accept the size and the value of the array elements from the user.

import java.util.Scanner;

public class AddElements {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);

        System.out.println("Enter the size of the array");

        int n=sc.nextInt();

        int arr[]=new int[n];

        System.out.println("Enter Elements in the array");

        for(int i=0;i<n;i++)

            arr[i]=sc.nextInt();

        System.out.println("Elements in the array");

        for(int j=0;j<n;j++)

            System.out.print(arr[j]+" ");

Output:-

Enter the size of the array

Enter Elements in the array

Elements in the array

1 2 3 4 5

Modify Element in Array:-

Update an element by the given index.

Program in Java for how to Modify elements in an array

import java.util.Scanner;

public class ModifyElement {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        int arr[]={1,2,3,4,5};

        int length= arr.length;

        Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);

        System.out.println("Array Elements Before modify");

        for(int i=0;i<length;i++)

            System.out.print(arr[i]+" ");

        System.out.println("\nEnter the position where you want to change in an array");

        int pos=sc.nextInt();

        System.out.println("Enter the value");

        int val=sc.nextInt();

        arr[pos]=val;

        System.out.println("Array Elements After modify");

        for(int j=0;j<length;j++)

            System.out.print(arr[j]+" ");

Output:-

Array Elements Before modify

1 2 3 4 5

Enter the position where you want to change in an array

Enter the value

Array Elements After modify

1 2 8 4 5

Access Element in Array:-

Print all array elements.

Program in Java for how to Traverse in array

public class AccessElements {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        int arr[]={1,2,3,4,5};

        int length= arr.length;

        System.out.println("Array Elements are:-");

        for(int i=0;i<length;i++)

            System.out.print(arr[i]+" ");

Output:-

Array Elements are:-

1 2 3 4 5