India Defence Technology

The responsibility of developing India’s defense technology is assigned to the DRDO, i.e., the Defence Research and Development Organization.

The Defence Research and Development Organization or DRDO was set up in 1958 and hence, it is the supreme body of researching, monitoring, regulating, and administering the India Defence Research and Development Program.

At present, DRDO is a network of more than 50 laboratories located in different cities of the country.

The DRDO specializes in the following fields −

• Aeronautical Engineering
• Electronics
• Armaments
• Engineering system
• Combat vehicles
• Missiles
• Advanced computing and simulation
• Life science
• Special materials
• Agriculture
• Training, etc.

Missile Technology

The development of missile technology in India started in the 1960s. Consider the following point relating to Missile Technology −

· The first successful testing of space-cum-missile technology was the Rohini-75, which was tested in 1967.

· The research and development program of developing indigenous missiles was called the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program’.

Types of Military Missiles

Based on target and launching position, the military missiles are classified as −

· Air-to-Air Missile − This missile is carried by an aircraft and targets the enemy’s aircraft.

· Surface-to-Air − Such missiles are fired at enemy’s aircraft from the ground.

· Air-to-Surface − These missiles are fired at the enemy country’s ships, tankers, vehicles, bunkers, or military men from the aircraft.

· Surface-to-Surface − Such missiles are fired at enemy grounds from our grounds.

· Underwater − Such missiles target enemy locations in the water.

The Integrated Guided Missile Development Program

The idea of Integrated Guided Missile Development Program (IGMDP) was conceptualized by the former President and eminent scientist, Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam. The objective of this program was to enable India to attain self-sufficiency in the field of missile technology.

The missiles proposed under this program are −

· Prithvi − It is a short-range surface-to-surface ballistic missile.

· Trishul − It is a short-range surface-to-air missile.

· Akash − It is a medium-range surface-to-air missile.

· Nag − It is a third generation anti-tank missile.

Agni Series

Agni is a series of medium to intercontinental range ballistic missiles. Agni missiles are medium-to-long range, nuclear weapons capable surface to surface ballistic missile.

In the series of Agni missiles, the first (Agni-I) missile was developed under the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program in the 1980s and it was first tested in 1989.

The following table lists down the different Agni missiles with their features −

Name	Type	Range	Status
Agni-I	Medium-range ballistic missile	700 – 1,250 km	Operational
Agni-II	Medium-range ballistic missile	2,000 – 3,000 km	Operational
Agni-III	Intermediate-range ballistic missile	3,500 – 5,000 km	Operational
Agni-IV	Intermediate-range ballistic missile	3,000 – 4,000 km	Operational
Agni-V	Intercontinental ballistic missile	5,000 – 8,000 km	Testing
Agni-VI	Intercontinental ballistic missile	8,000 – 10,000 km	Under development