TYPES OF FUEL

FUEL: a matter which can readily burn is called "FUEL".

1) SOLID FUEL:  WOOD, PAPER, COTTON.

              A) TINDER FUEL: occupy more than 20sqcm/gm.

              B) KINDLING F.: occupy 2-20sqcm/gm.

              C) BULK F: occupy 0.04-2sqcm/gm.

2) LIQUID FUEL:   PETROL, DIESEL, KEROSENE ETC.

             A) LIGHTER THEN WATER: which has density less then water (water density= 1000kg/m3)

               e.g.:  PETROL, DIESEL.

                    B) HEAVIER THEN WATER:  have density greater then water.                                                                                                                   

                                            e.g. CARBON DI-DISULPHIDE. (CS2 = 1300KG/cube M).

                   C) MISCIBLE IN WATER: which mix in water. e.g.  ALCOHOL.

3) GASEOUS FUEL:   LPG, CNG, HYDROGEN.

            A) LIGHTER THEN AIR: which has vapor density less then air (air = 1.22521 kg/m3).

            B) HEAVIER THEN AIR:  which has vapor density greater then air.  e. g LPG.

AIR

               air is composed of two main gases, oxygen and nitrogen. other co2, helium etc are negligible. air contains 21 % oxygen is "NONFLAMMABLE" it just supports combustion process.

            minimum percentage of oxygen in air required to support combustion is 16%.

HEAT

A) DEFINITION: heat is a form of energy. it measured in calories and B.T.U

 (Fahrenheit = 1 b.t.u )

B) UNITS:

               CALORY: THE AMOUNT OF HEAT REQUIRE TO RAISE 1 DEGREE TEMP OF 1 GRAM WATER IS CALLED 1 CALORY.

                        B.T.U:  ENERGY REQUIRE TO RAISE 1 DEGREE TEMP OF 1 POUND WATER ..

                                 (1 B.T.U = 1 FAHRENHEIT)

C) SPECIFIC HEAT: ENERGY REQUIRED TO RAISE 1 DEGREE OF ANY 1 gm SUBSTANCE.

D) LATENT HEAT:  1. LATENT HEAT OF VAPORIZATION.

                                               2. LATENT HEAT OF FREEZING

LATENT HEAT OF VAPORIZATION.:

Amount of heat required to convert 1 gm of  water in to vapor is called latent heat of vaporization of water.(at 100 degrees , 540 calories/gm needed for water)

LATENT HEAT OF FREEZING:

Amount of heat required to convert 1 gm of  water in to solid ice is called lattent heat of vaporization of water.(at 0 degree , 80 calories/gm needed to convert water to ice)