The 930 billion short tons of recoverable coal reserves estimated by the Energy Information Administration are equal to about 4,116 BBOE (billion barrels of oil equivalent). The amount of coal burned during 2007 was estimated at 7.075 billion short tons, or 133.179 quadrillion BTU's. This is an average of 18.8 million BTU per short ton. In terms of heat content, this is about 57,000,000 barrels (9,100,000 m3) of oil equivalent per day. By comparison in 2007, natural gas provided 51,000,000 barrels (8,100,000 m3) of oil equivalent per day, while oil provided 85,800,000 barrels per day.
BP, in its 2007 report, estimated at 2006 end that there were 909,064 million tons of proven coal reserves worldwide, or 147 years reserves-to-production ratio. This figure only includes reserves classified as "proven"; exploration drilling programs by mining companies, particularly in under-explored areas, are continually providing new reserves. In many cases, companies are aware of coal deposits that have not been sufficiently drilled to qualify as "proven". However, some nations haven't updated their information and assume reserves remain at the same levels even with withdrawals. Collective projections generally predict that global peak coal production may occur sometime around 2025 at 30 percent above current production in the best case scenario, depending on future coal production rates.
Of the three fossil fuels, coal has the most widely distributed reserves; coal is mined in over 100 countries, and on all continents except Antarctica. The largest reserves are found in the USA, Russia, China, India and Australia. Note the table below.
|
COUNTRY |
BITUMINOUS & ANTHRACITE |
SUBBITUMINOUS |
LIGNITE |
TOTAL |
PERCENTAGE OF WORLD TOTAL |
|
United States |
108,501 |
98,618 |
30,176 |
237,295 |
22.6 |
|
Russia |
49,088 |
97,472 |
10,450 |
157,010 |
14.4 |
|
China |
62,200 |
33,700 |
18,600 |
114,500 |
12.6 |
|
Australia |
37,100 |
2,100 |
37,200 |
76,500 |
8.9 |
|
India |
56,100 |
0 |
4,500 |
60,600 |
7.0 |
|
Germany |
99 |
0 |
40,600 |
40,699 |
4.7 |
|
Ukraine |
15,351 |
16,577 |
1,945 |
33,873 |
3.9 |
|
Kazakhstan |
21,500 |
0 |
12,100 |
33,600 |
3.9 |
|
South Africa |
30,156 |
0 |
0 |
30,156 |
3.5 |
|
Serbia |
9 |
361 |
13,400 |
13,770 |
1.6 |
|
Colombia |
6,366 |
380 |
0 |
6,746 |
0.8 |
|
Canada |
3,474 |
872 |
2,236 |
6,528 |
0.8 |
|
Poland |
4,338 |
0 |
1,371 |
5,709 |
0.7 |
|
Indonesia |
1,520 |
2,904 |
1,105 |
5,529 |
0.6 |
|
Brazil |
0 |
4,559 |
0 |
4,559 |
0.5 |
|
Greece |
0 |
0 |
3,020 |
3,020 |
0.4 |
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
484 |
0 |
2,369 |
2,853 |
0.3 |
|
Mongolia |
1,170 |
0 |
1,350 |
2,520 |
0.3 |
|
Bulgaria |
2 |
190 |
2,174 |
2,366 |
0.3 |
|
Pakistan |
0 |
166 |
1,904 |
2,070 |
0.3 |
|
Turkey |
529 |
0 |
1,814 |
2,343 |
0.3 |
|
Uzbekistan |
47 |
0 |
1,853 |
1,900 |
0.2 |
|
Hungary |
13 |
439 |
1,208 |
1,660 |
0.2 |
|
Thailand |
0 |
0 |
1,239 |
1,239 |
0.1 |
|
Mexico |
860 |
300 |
51 |
1,211 |
0.1 |
|
Iran |
1,203 |
0 |
0 |
1,203 |
0.1 |
|
Czech Republic |
192 |
0 |
908 |
1,100 |
0.1 |
|
Kyrgyzstan |
0 |
0 |
812 |
812 |
0.1 |
|
Albania |
0 |
0 |
794 |
794 |
0.1 |
|
North Korea |
300 |
300 |
0 |
600 |
0.1 |
|
New Zealand |
33 |
205 |
333-7,000 |
571-15,000 |
0.1 |
|
Spain |
200 |
300 |
30 |
530 |
0.1 |
|
Laos |
4 |
0 |
499 |
503 |
0.1 |
|
Zimbabwe |
502 |
0 |
0 |
502 |
0.1 |
|
Argentina |
0 |
0 |
500 |
500 |
0.1 |
|
All others |
3,421 |
1,346 |
846 |
5,613 |
0.7 |
|
TOTAL WORLD |
404,762 |
260,789 |
195,387 |
860,938 |
100 |