Polity - Sources of Constitution
· The Indian Constitution has been formed after ransacking all the major constitutions of the world; however, at the same time, the framers have also considered the following factors −
o Historical perspective of India;
o Geographical diversity of India; and
o Cultural and traditional characteristics of India.
The following table illustrates the major sources of Indian Constitution −
|
Provisions |
Sources |
|
President (Nominal Head) |
The United Kingdom |
|
Cabinet System of Ministers |
|
|
Parliamentary type of Government |
|
|
Post of Prime Minister |
|
|
Bicameral Parliament |
|
|
Council of Ministers |
|
|
Provision of Speaker in Lok Sabha |
|
|
Legislation |
|
|
Citizenship |
|
|
Writs |
|
|
Rule of Law |
|
|
Preamble |
The United States |
|
Fundamental Rights |
|
|
Independent Judiciary |
|
|
Judicial Review |
|
|
Impeachment of President |
|
|
Removal of Judges (of Supreme Court & High Courts) |
|
|
Functions of Vice-President |
|
|
Federal System (with strong Center) |
Canada |
|
Residuary powers in the Center |
|
|
Appointment of Governors (in states) by the Center |
|
|
Advisory Jurisdiction of Supreme Court |
|
|
Principle of co-operative federalism |
Australia |
|
Freedom of Inter-State trade |
|
|
Trade and Commerce |
|
|
Concurrent List |
|
|
Joint siting of the two Houses of Parliament |
|
|
Directive Principles of State Policy |
Ireland |
|
Presidential Election |
|
|
Nominating the members of Rajya Sabha |
|
|
Republic |
France |
|
Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity in the Preamble |
|
|
Fundamental Duties |
Russia |
|
Idea of Social, Economic, and Political Justice in Preamble |
|
|
Procedure for amendment |
South Africa |
|
Election of Rajya Sabha members |
|
|
Emergency powers to be enjoyed by the Union |
Germany |
|
Suspension of Fundamental Rights during emergency |
|
|
Procedure Established by Law |
Japan |
|
The federal scheme |
Govt. of India Act 1935 |
|
Role of federal judiciary |
|
|
Office of the Governor |
|
|
Emergency provisions |
|
|
Public Service Commissions |
|
|
Administrative details |