A material of construction for a particular fitting or part of a composite fitting like valve, steam traps etc. must be carefully chosen based on various factors like :
1. Fluid Nature : corrosiveness, toxicity, flammability, viscosity.
2. Service pressure and temperature.
3. Fluid nature : Corrosive, Food industry etc.
4. Fabrication method : Forging, casting and from plates.
5. Availability.
6. Environment (Desert, Temperate, Marine)
7. Price (Economy)
Lists of Piping Materials
Piping hardware generally includes Pipes, Fittings, Valves, Special Items like steam traps, strainers, filters etc. Here is a list of ASTM materials used for manufacturing of various piping parts.
Americal Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) has researched and defined various material standards for oil and gas industry. Properties of these materials depend on chemical properties of fluids to be handled, design temperatures and pressure as well of method of manufacture of pipe fittings. Pipes in oil and gas industry are made either with seamless process or using plates and welding process. Here is a list of such ASTM Standard materials designed for manufacture of pipes by seamless and welding process.
|
Sr. |
Number |
Title |
|
1 |
A-53 |
Welded and Seamless Steel Pipe |
|
2 |
A-106 |
Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service |
|
3 |
A-120 |
81ack and Hot-Dipped Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Welded and Seamless Steel Pipe for Ordinary Uses |
|
4 |
A-134 |
Electric Fusion (Arc)-Welded Steel Plate Pipe (Sizes 16 in. and Over) |
|
5 |
A-135 |
Electric-Resistance-Welded Steel Pipe |
|
6 |
A-139 |
Electric-Fusion (Arc)-Welded Steel Plate Pipe (Sizes 4 in. and Over) |
|
7 |
A-155 |
Electric-Fusion-Welded Steel Pipe for High-Pressure Service |
|
8 |
A-211 |
Spiral-Welded Steel or Iron Pipe |
|
9 |
A-312 |
Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe |
|
10 |
A-333 |
Seamless and Welded Steel Pipe for Low Temperature Service |
|
11 |
A-335 |
Seamless Ferritic Alloy Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service |
|
12 |
A-358 |
Electric-Fusion-Welded Austenitic Chromium-Nickel Alloy Steel Pipe for High Temperature Service |
|
13 |
A-369 |
Carbon and Ferritic Alloy Steel Forged and 80red Pipe for High Temperature Service |
|
14 |
A-376 |
Seamless Austenitic Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Central-Station Service |
|
15 |
A-381 |
Metal-Arc-Welded Steel Pipe for High-Pressure Transmission Systems |
|
16 |
A-405 |
Seamless Ferritic Alloy Steel Pipe Specially Heat Treated for High Temperature Service |
|
17 |
A-523 |
Plain End Seamless and Electric-Resistance-Welded Steel Pipe for High Pressure Pipe-Type Cable Circuits |
|
18 |
A-524 |
Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for Process Piping |
|
19 |
A-530 |
General Requirements for Specialized Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe |
|
20 |
API-5L |
Line Pipe |
|
21 |
API-5LX |
High-Test Line Pipe |
|
22 |
API-5LS |
Spiral Weld Line Pipe |
Americal Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) has researched and defined various material standards for oil and gas industry. Properties of these materials depend on chemical properties of fluids to be handled, design temperatures and pressure as well of method of manufacture of pipe fittings. Many piping fittings like socket weld and threaded fittings, flanges are made with forging process. Here is a list of such ASTM Standard materials designed for fittings made with forging operation.
|
Sr. |
Number |
Title |
|
1 |
A105 |
Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping Applications. |
|
2 |
A181 |
Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings, for General-Purpose Piping. |
|
3 |
A182 |
Standard Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High-Temperature Service. |
|
4 |
A350 |
Standard Specification for Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Forgings, Requiring Notch Toughness Testing for Piping Components. |
Americal Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) has researched and defined various material standards for oil and gas industry. Properties of these materials depend on chemical properties of fluids to be handled, design temperatures and pressure as well of method of manufacture of pipe fittings. Many piping fittings like valve bodies, cast fittings are made from castings as per ASTM standards. Here is a list of such ASTM Standards for castings used for fittings made through process of casting.
|
Sr. |
Number |
Title |
|
1 |
A216 |
Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Suitable for Fusion Welding, for High-Temperature Service. |
|
2 |
A217 |
Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Martensitic Stainless and Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for High-Temperature Service. |
|
3 |
A352 |
Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Ferritic and Martensitic, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for Low-Temperature Service. |