Question Set 126

Question 21. What Is A Turboprop Engine?

Answer :

The combination of the words turbine and propeller in techno jargon will give you the word "turboprop". A turboprop engine is a turbojet (gas turbine) engine, which powers the propeller/s.

A conventional jet engine produces its thrust in large part due to the heated gasses escaping out the rear of the engine. While this is very useful for aircraft, which fly at high speeds and high altitudes, it is less desirable for aircraft, which are designed to fly at slower speeds and take off from smaller runways.

A turboprop engine is a jet engine, which converts the bulk of its thrust into rotational energy for powering a propeller. This allows jet engines, which are a high-rpm low-torque engine to be used in situations where low-rpm and high-torque are needed instead.

The higher reliability and efficiency of a jet or turboprop engine as compared to an internal combustion engine makes them very desirable for aircraft designs, which, in the past, would have utilized internal combustion engines.

Question 22. What Are Examples Of Mechanisms?

Answer :

Examples of mechanisms are the workings of a clock, a light switch, and a nail clipper.

Question 23. What Color Are Thermal Oil Piping Lines?

Answer :

Brownish and sort of grey.

Question 24. How Does Hydraulics Work?

Answer :

A positive displacement pump (gear, vane, or piston pump) is driven by a prime mover (Electrical Motor or Engine) it sucks fluid from reservoir and delivers oil to system. During loading, a resistance to flow creates the pressure, which is utilized to do the work through cylinder for linear motion, or through hydraulic motor for rotary motion, Direction of flow is changed with help of direction control valve & system pressure is regulated by pressure control valve & flow is regulated by flow control valve.

Question 25. What Is The Role Of Nitrogen In Welding?

Answer :

Nitrogen is used to prevent porosity in the welding member by preventing oxygen and air from entering the molten metal during the welding process. Other gases are also used for this purpose such as Argon, Helium, Carbon Dioxide, and the gases given off when the flux burns away during SMAW (stick) welding.

Question 26. What Causes White Smoke In Two Stroke Locomotive Engines?

Answer :

That is the engine running too lean (lack of fuel). This condition will lead to overheating and failure of the engine.

Question 27. What Is The Difference Between Hydraulic Oil And Engine Oil?

Answer :

Both the hydraulic and engine oils are made from base oils with additives mixed in. The additives used change the characteristics of the oils so that they function differently.

Generally, hydraulic oils (final product including additives) are expected to have very low compressibility and very predictable friction and viscosity stability under pressure.

Generally engine oils (Engine Lubrication Oils anyway) are intended to have high resistance to heat (degradation including chemical and viscosity due to heat) resistance to burning and resistance to absorption of fuels and chemical compounds produced during combustion.

Both classes of oils are likely to have additives intended to provide detergency and to reduce foaming.

Base oils are most commonly petroleum oil bases due to cost, but other bases oil can be used including mineral oils (especially for hydraulic oils) and plant oils (especially for engine oils) and oils from animal sources.

Question 28. Can You Use Motor Oil In A Hydraulic System?

Answer :

Hydraulic fluid has to pass a different set of standards than motor oil. Motor oil has tackifiers, lower sulfur content, and other ingredients that could prove harmful to the seals and other components in a hydraulic system. If it is an emergency only should you do it.

Question 29. What Does Angular Momentum Mean?

Answer :

Angular momentum is an expression of an objects mass and rotational speed.

Momentum is the velocity of an object times it is mass, or how fast something is moving how much it weigh. Therefore, angular momentum is the objects mass times the angular velocity where angular velocity is how fast something is rotating expressed in terms like revolutions per minute or radians per second or degrees per second.

Question 30. What Is The Difference Between Upstream And Downstream In A Refinery?

Answer :

The total process of a the refining business starts at the oil field or gas field and runs all the way to the sending of processed hydrocarbon to a final user.

Upstream applies to the operation of exploration, drilling, hydrocarbon production, and transmission via truck, rail or ship or pipeline to the refinery intake valve.

Downstream includes all work done at the refinery, distillation, cracking, reforming, blending storage, mixing and shipping.

The case of heavy oil processing (oil sands etc.) and gas plant operation tend to cross the boundaries somewhat. Most are regarded as upstream operations even though downstream type operations are part of the processes. The production of chemical side products at gas plants (e.g. sulfur) is not generally segregated as a "Chemical Plant" operation.

Additional hydrocarbon production operations such as saddle plants, which remove a component from pipeline gas, are generally lumped with upstream.