Ductile Fracture

Stages of ductile fracture

1. Initial necking

2. Small cavity formation (micro voids)

3. Void growth (ellipsoid) by coalescence into a crack

4.  Fast crack propagation around neck. Shear strain at 45o

5. Final shear fracture (cup and cone)

The interior surface is fibrous, irregular, which signify plastic deformation.