Jigs vs Fixtures

This article will explain about the applications and differences between jigs and fixtures, which although commonly thought to be the same tool, are actually two separate devices used in the cutting and machining processes.

●      The terms “jig" and “fixture" are many times referred as the synonyms of each other, sometimes both the terms are used together as “jig fixture." Although, both jig and fixture are used in mass production process, functionally the two are different tools.

What is a Jig?

●      In simple terms, the jig is a tool that guides the cutting (or machining) tool. The most common type of jig is the drill jig, which guides the drill bit for creating holes at desired locations. Using drill jigs increases production rate drastically by eliminating the time spent using a square scriber, height gauge, centre punch, etc. The picture below shows the functionality of a simple drill jig:

●      Like drill jigs, welding jigs and wood working jigs are also used in industry quite extensively. Wood working jigs are useful for creating intricate wooden profiles.

What is a Fixture?

●      The fixture is a tool which holds the work piece with the machine bed precisely at the desired location. The fixture also reduces the nonproductive loading, unloading, and fixing time of the work piece. For example, you need to use a milling machine for giving a chamfer at the corner of rectangular work pieces. You can use a vice to hold it in the desired position, but in that case every new work piece will take lots of time for fixing it. On the other hand if you can make a milling fixture like the one shown below and bolt the fixture to the milling machine bed, then you need not waste much time for fixing the work pieces every time:

●      You just place the work piece and it will automatically aligned to the required angle, and straight away you run the machining operation, no need to measure the angle, and no need to be worried about the accuracy.

Conclusion

●      Both the jigs and the fixtures are used to reduce the nonproductive time of any mass production process. The principle of location or the 3-2-1 principle, CAD tools (like ProE), and FEA tools (like ANSYS) are used for the design of the jigs as well the fixtures. The jig is used for guiding the cutting tool (like a drill bit), and for doing so, jigs have components like a bush, which comes in contact with the cutting tool. On the other hand, a fixture never comes in direct contact with the cutting tool. Fixtures assure the position and alignment of the work pieces for getting the required machining operation done.