Projectile Motion
·
In Unit 1 of the Physics Classroom Tutorial, we learned a
variety of means to describe the 1-dimensional motion of objects. In Unit 2 of the
Physics Classroom Tutorial, we learned how Newton's laws help to explain the
motion (and specifically, the changes in the state of motion) of objects that
are either at rest or moving in 1-dimension. Now in this unit we will apply
both kinematic principles and Newton's laws of motion to understand and explain
the motion of objects moving in two dimensions. The most common example of an
object that is moving in two dimensions is a
projectile. Thus, Lesson 2 of this unit is devoted to understanding the motion
of projectiles.
A projectile is an object upon which the only force acting is
gravity. There are a variety of examples of projectiles. An object dropped from
rest is a projectile (provided that the influence of air resistance is
negligible). An object that is thrown vertically upward is also a projectile
(provided that the influence of air resistance is negligible). And an object
which is thrown upward at an angle to the horizontal is also a projectile
(provided that the influence of air resistance is negligible). A projectile is
any object that onceprojected or dropped
continues in motion by its own inertia and is influenced only by the downward force of
gravity.
By definition, a projectile has a single force that acts upon it - the
force of gravity. If there were any other force acting upon an object, then
that object would not be a projectile. Thus, the free-body
diagram of a projectile would show a single force acting downwards and labeled force of gravity (or simply Fgrav). Regardless of whether a projectile is
moving downwards, upwards, upwards and rightwards, or downwards and leftwards,
the free-body diagram of the projectile is still as depicted in the diagram at
the right. By definition, a projectile is any object upon which the only force
is gravity.