Operating Principle of DC Motors

It is based on the principle that when a current-carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, it experiences a mechanical force whose direction is given by Fleming's Left-hand rule and whose magnitude is given by

Force, F = B I l Newton

Where, B is the magnetic field in weber/m2.

I is the current in amperes and

l is the length of the coil in meter.

 1. Torque Equation

Turning or twisting force about an axis is called torque.

Consider a wheel of radius R meters acted upon by a circumferential force F Newton’s as shown in above figure. The wheel is rotating at a speed of N rpm.

 The angular speed of the wheel ω = 2πN/60 rad/sec

 Work done in one revolution W= Force x distanced travelled in one revolution

W = FX2πR joules

Power developed, P = Work done/time = W/Time for 1 rev.

     P = FX2πR/(60/N) = (FXR)(2πN/60)

 P = T x ω watts

 Power in armature = armature torque x ω

 EbIa = Ta x (2ΠN/60)

 Where, Ta             = Armature torque.

Eb = PΦZN/60A

Substituting Eb values, we get,

 Ta = 0.159ΦIa (PZ/A) N-m