homogeneous and isotropic material

· Homogeneous:

Homogeneous means that something is uniform throughout. Homogeneity depends on the context which it is based on. A homogeneous material means a material which has uniform composition and uniform properties throughout. Metals, alloys, ceramics are examples of homogeneous materials. Homogeneity is discussed in many fields like physics, chemistry, nature, cosmology, etc. In chemistry, homogeneity is applied to mixtures, reactions and so on. An electric field can be taken as an example, to describe homogeneity in the field of physics. In homogeneous mixtures, the mixed components cannot be identified individually due to the uniformity of the mixture throughout the phase. Homogeneous mixtures are also called solutions. Air, salt solution, etc are examples of homogeneous mixtures. In addition, an alloy is a solid solution, which is a homogeneous solid mixture of two metals. Reactions in the same phase are called homogeneous reactions. The opposite term of homogeneous is heterogeneous.

· Isotropic:

Isotropic means that the properties of materials are the same in all directions. In processes, the rate of process is the same in all directions. Isotropy comes in many subjects like materials, physics, cosmology, chemistry, etc. It should be distinguished depending on the subject. In an isotropic material, physical and mechanical properties are equal in all orientations or directions. The isotropic nature of the material depends on its crystal structure. If the grains of the material are not oriented uniformly in all directions, it is not an isotropic material. Properties like Young’s modulus, thermal expansion coefficient, magnetic behavior can vary with directions in such anisotropic (not isotropic) materials. Isotropy is discussed mainly based on the properties of the context. In physics, if the thermal expansion coefficient of a solid is the same in all directions it is said to be isotropic in that physical classification. Also, concepts like optical isotropy, electromagnetic isotropy are discussed in physics. If a radiation field has the same intensity in all directions, that filed is considered as isotropic.