A Brief History of Microbiology Morphology of Bacterial cell history of bacterial growth physiology Sterilization Disinfectant and Antiseptic Chromosome Morphology Karyotypes Chromosome Banding Centromere and Chromosome Segregation Telomere Nucleic Acids DNA, genes and chromosomes Central Dogma Genomics Transcriptome The Chemistry of Biology Hybrid Orbitals DNA Damage and Repair Recombinant DNA Gluconeogenesis Colorimeters Chromatography Principle of centrifugation Physical and Chemical Method of Sterilization Bacterial Diversity MICROALGAE Fungi Nutritional Types of Bacteria Tissue Culture Techniques for Producing Virus-Free Plant Protoplasts