Improvements in electronic engine control

The digital engine control system in this chapter has been made possible by a rapid evolution of the state of technology. Some of this technology has been briefly mentioned in this chapter. It is worthwhile to review some of the technological improvements that have occurred in digital engine control in greater detail to fully appreciate the capabilities of modern digital engine control.

Integrated engine control system

One of the developments that has occurred since the introduction of digital engine control technology is the integration of the various functions into a single control unit. Whereas the earlier systems in many cases had separate control systems for fuel and ignition control, the trend is toward integrated control. This trend has been made possible, in part, by improvements in digital hardware and in computational algorithms and software. For example, one of the hardware improvements that has been achieved is the operation of the microprocessor unit (MPU) at higher clock frequencies. This higher frequency results in a reduction of the time for any given MPU computation, thereby permitting greater computational capability. This increased computational capability has made it possible, in turn, to have more precise control of fuel delivery during rapid transient engine operation.

Except for long steady cruise while driving on certain rural roads or freeways, the automobile engine is operated under changing load and RPM conditions. The limitations in the computational capability of early engine control systems restricted the ability of the controller to continuously maintain the air/fuel ratio at stoichiometry under such changing operating conditions. The newer, more capable digital engine control systems are more precise than the earlier versions at maintaining stoichiometry and therefore operate more of the time within the optimum window for the three-way catalytic converter.

Moreover, since the control of fuel and ignition requires, in some cases, data from the same sensor set, it is advantageous to have a single integrated system for fuel and ignition timing control. The newer engine controllers have the capability to maintain stoichiometry and simultaneously optimize ignition timing.