● Phonology − It is study of organizing sound systematically.
● Morphology − It is a study of construction of words from primitive meaningful units.
● Morpheme − It is primitive unit of meaning in a language.
● Syntax − It refers to arranging words to make a sentence. It also involves determining the structural role of words in the sentence and in phrases.
● Semantics − It is concerned with the meaning of words and how to combine words into meaningful phrases and sentences.
● Pragmatics − It deals with using and understanding sentences in different situations and how the interpretation of the sentence is affected.
● Discourse − It deals with how the immediately preceding sentence can affect the interpretation of the next sentence.
● World Knowledge − It includes the general knowledge about the world.