Agricultural Engineering Development
Engineering profession
Engineering is an activity other than purely manual and physical work. It brings about the utilization of the materials and laws of nature for the good of humanity (Wara, 2011). Prof Samuel Wara in 2011 gave a good review of engineering profession at a public lecture, however, the most adopted definition of engineering is that given by Kiddle in 1920:
“Engineering is the art or science of utilizing, directing or instructing others in the utilization of the principles, forces, properties and substances of nature in the production, manufacture, construction, operation and use of the things … or means, methods, machines, devices and structures…”
The art of engineering goes well beyond constructing fabricating, installation, maintenance and repairs.
The engineering family
The law regulating the practice of engineering in Nigeria (Laws of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, Decrees 55/70 and 27/92 (Now Acts 110)) provides for registration under the following cadres:
1. Engineers
2. Engineering technologists
3. Engineering technicians
4. Engineering craftsmen
These four cadres form what we refer to as the engineering family. Figure 1 shows the structure of this family. Recommended ratios satisfying engineering manpower requirements vary; these are however between 3 to 5 engineering technicians for every engineer (Wara, 2011).
Who is an engineer?
An engineer is a person qualified by aptitude, education, and experience to perform engineering functions (Smith, 1969, Wara, 2011). He is a member of a versatile team of specialists possessing complimentary skills and knowledge. Engineering is a mental activity and the engineer’s particular responsibility is the solution of abstract problems involving design, performance, efficiency and cost (Wara, 2011).
Who is a technologist?
Technologists are trained at the Higher National Diploma Levels, and in Polytechnics, colleges and other monotechnic. Other forms of specialized training like the City and Guilds of London were accepted for qualification in this technical cadre.
Who is a technician?
Technicians acquire trainings through semi-formal and formal education. Products of technical secondary schools, Monotechnic, and Polytechnics up to the National Diploma level are trained technicians.
Who is a craftsman?
A craftsman or artisan will normally acquire training through practical and informal or formal means, as an apprentice under a trained craftsman in a specialized workshop or at a specialized craft school or vocational training centre.